Carbureting vaporizer



Nov. 20, 1928.

v A. COLEMAN ARBURETING vAPoRIzER Filed April '7, 1924 7 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII/II/ll/L 4 4 A A A A v l ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 20, 1928. y

UNITED STATES ,ARTHUR COLEMAN, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

CARBURETING VAPORIZER.

Application filed April 7, 1924.

rThis invention relates to carbureting vapo'rizers and the .particular object of the invention is to vaporize the liquid hydrocarbon content of the fuel mixture by heat before it combines with the air content necessary to support combustion. l am aware that socalled hot points, stoves and the like have been utilized tor preheating the tuel mixture before it is received .into y the combustion chamber ot the internal combustion engine but my invention diters essentially Afrom these known devices in that the liquid hydrocarbon content of the 'fuel mixture is not only heated but raised to a. very high tempcrature whereby it is vapori'zed, at a local point without heating the oil below the point et contact with the air and the preferred embodiment ot my invention is such that relatively low grade liquid hydrocarbons can be used as fuel in internal combustion engines although I ,prefer vto utilize the invention with .the commercial 1grade of gasoline, the specific gravity lotl which 'is somewhere above 500 Baume.

Means is provided tor utilizing the heat irom the exhaust manifold of the engine for heating the hydrocarbon before it mixes with the 'ai-r and means is provided tor inducing an abnormal suction in the intake manifold so that a relatively/large volume ci the mixture can be Adrawn into the combustion chamberiand l have found that by raisin-g the teinperature of the liquid hydrocarbon to a point where it is vaporized ypreparatory to mixing it with the air tlrat'the'ratio between the yhydrocarbon content and the air `content oi the mixture canbe materially reduced, that is not so large .la proportion of the hydrocarbon content will be required as is ordinarily supposed Vto 'be rnecessary with known types of carbureto-rs, therefore there is an @appreciable savingin the consumption of the liquid content o'f the fuel mixture.

rlhe detail-'s of the preferred embodiment or my invention by -which I accomplish the desired result will be apparent by reference to the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings in 'which Fig. 1 is anelevational view 'of an internal combustion motor to which my invention is applied. y A

Fig. 2 is a vertical cross ysectional view through the vcarburetor and through :part of the exhaust manifold. and

3 isa sectional view on the Vline 3 3 oit Fig. 2.

Serial No. 704,689.

In carrying out my invention some means must be provided 'for vaporizing the hydrocarbon' liquid belfore it comes into contact with the air to form the combustible mixture and l have found that this can be admirably accomplished by providing the exhaust maniifold l ot the internal combustion engine 2 with a ring-shaped passageway 3 havinga central opening el, the wall 5 ot' which conduct-s heat to the constricted portion or neck 6 of the carburetor casing` 7. The carburetor casing has a. conical lower end portion 8 which merges into the collar-'like constricted portion ('sseated within the wall V5. The top ot the casing; 7 is closed by a removable flanged mixing chamber 9 in the form oi' a tube having a constricted truncated conical l lower end l0 with an opening l1 in axial alignment with the Aneedle valve l2 passing through the opening 13 in the valve seat la on the end of the 'supply tube 15 through which the needle'valve stem 116 passes,y .the needle valve being packed by a packing gland 1'7 in the usual manner. 'Hydrocarbon fluid is admitted to the tubular' member 15 from `a suitable source ot supply through La.y pipe 18 having a valve seat 1.9 adapted to be closed by a check valve 2O in which is a weight 221 of appropriate construction which will tend to submerge the valve 2O so that it will be seated except when the suction of thepiston on the intake stroke raisesit aswill be 'read ily understood. Y

The wall of the mixing chamberQ is spaced from the wall of the casing 7. The casing '7 is provided with `an :air inlet opening 722 surrounding a perforate tubular sleeve .23 on the rigid tube`24: ycommunieating with the mixing chamber 9. The sleeve 23 is a'valve provided with ports 25 which may register with ports 26 in the tube 24. vThe sleeve valve vcan 'be turned by a lever 30 rand it Vmay be operated from the dash board of a motor vehicle by suitable connections :as will be Weil understood.

The eiective port area ofthe mixing chamber 9, that is its area as compared withthe intake manifold 31, may be varied by the valve 32 on stem 33 passing through the .members 7 -and 9,'the shaft or stem 33 carrying'a lever 34 by means ot which theva'lve can be operated. The valve 20 moves in the valve casing 35.

lhen the parts are assembled, the needle valve 23 will be closed and the valve 32 will be in full open position. Then when the yengine is turned over a powerful suction will draw gasoline or other hydrocarbon fuel and some air through the mixing chamber 9 into the combustion chamber of the engine because if the sleeve valve 23 is closed, it will act as a choke. After the engine manifold 1 heats up due to the passage of hot gaseous products of combustion through it, the ringshaped passageway 3 will heat the valve seat 13 to a relatively high temperature, for example to about a cherry red color. The gasoline passing the needle valve will come into contact with the hot valve seat so that it is vaporized by the high temperature into a foglike vapor and so that it will mix with air passing through the opening 22 and through the passageway 3G through the opening 11 and into the mixing chamber. By the time the needle valve seat becomes hot enough to vaporize the oil, the choke, that is the sleevelike valve 23, should be open to admit atmospheric air into the mixing chamber above the point at which the hydrocarbon vapor and initial air is mixed. The admitted cool atmospheric air passing into the mixing chamber 9 through the tubular member 2a will tend to reduce the temperature of the vaporized fuel mixture so that it will enter the combustion chamber at a much lower temperature than that at which it was mixed. IThe reason for this is that the heated or vaporized hydrocarbon content of the fuel mixture will expand considerably in volume due to the heating thereof. This volume will of course be contracted when it mixes with the initial air admitted through opening 22, and it will be finally reduced in volume by the incoming air admitted through tube 24. Consequently a relatively cool dense mixture will be received in the combustion chamber permitting the fuel charge to be compressed to greater density than would'be possible were the constituents of the fuel mixture admitted to the combustion chamber of the cylinder in a rarefied or expanded state and since the liquid content is first flashed into vapor at a relatively high temperature so that it will be thoroughly vaporized then mixed with air and finally cooled, it will be apparent that the power generated in each cylinder or the force exerted against each piston will be in excess of such force exerted against the piston of a normal internal combustion engine.

Attention is called to the fact that since the hydrocarbon content of the mixture is thoroughly vaporized before coming into contact with the air so that a practically perfect mixture is provided, that the consumption of gasoline or high grade naphtha will be considerably less per horsepower hour than has been the case with the ordinary types of carburetors now upon the market.

In actual tests, I have obtained more th an double the efficiency `of an ordinary carburetor byly using my device on a standard engine with a standard carburetor, the test running over a considerable period and this increase in efficiency I attribute to the fact that the liquid content of the fuel mixture passes over or contacts with a very iot spot and is vaporized prior to coming into Contact with the air which is introduced to supportcombustion and the increased efficiency I believe is due in part to the fact that the mixture is relatively cool at the time it enters the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. p

The check valveis provided to prevent the heated oil from passing back through the pipe 1S but it will be noted that the pipe l5 is below the exhaust manifold ring so that it will remain comparatively cool, the sudden heating of 'theoil taking place at a seat 14C. It will further be noted that the air which passes through the opening 22 through the space 36 through the openingpll into the mixing chamber will more or less agitated so that it will thoroughly commingle and combine with the hydrocarbon content of the mixture before it passes into theV intake manifold.

By reference to the drawings it will be noted that the relationship of the tube 15 with respect to the portion 6 from which heat is communicated is such that the gasoline in the tube 15 will not be raised to a boiling or vaporizing temperature. Consequently there will be a uniform flow of gasoline to the valve seat at all times to provide a uniform hydrocarbon feed to the hot zone. This is important in the control of the vaporizer because ifV the liquid in tube 15 became hotenough to piston might throw a bubble through the valve seat which would impoverish the mixture. Consequently there would be a more or less haphazard control of the gasoline but by maintaining the tube 15 cool enough to prevent the gasoline from boiling, a uniform quantity of gasoline will flow through the valve seat for the needle valve at each intake strokeA of the piston, this being obviously necessary for the highest ei'iiciency of the carbureting vaporizer.

What I claiml and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A carbureting vaporizer comprising a tubular casing having a conical lower end terminating in a valve seat receiving collar, a pipe for supplying hydrocarbon fluid to the casing provided with a valve seat receivable supplying heat to the collar and through it to the valve seat to cause hydrocarbon fluid to become vaporized in its passage through the valve seat, a needle valve for controlling the eiiective port area of said port opening, a tubular mixing chamber having a wall parallel with the wa-ll of the casing and closing off the upper end ofthe casing, the mixing chamber having ak constricted lower end with a central opening in a line with the opening surrounded by the valve seat, the casing having an air inlet port between its top and bottom, and the mixing chamber having an air inlet port between its top and bottom and a sleeved valve on the inlet port of the mixing chamber for controlling the eiective port area thereof in combinat-ion with an exhaust manifold having a ring-shaped seat to receive the collar 'of the casing whereby heat from the exhaust manifold will be communicated to the valve seat.

2. A carbureting vaporizer comprising a Y tubular casing having a conical lower end terminating in a valve seat receiving collar, a pipe for supplying hydrocarbon Huid to the casing provided with a valve seat receivable in the collar and having a port opening connecting the pipe with the casing, means for supplying heat to the collar and through it to the valve seat to cause hydrocarbon fluid to become vaporized in its passage through said port opening, a valve for controlling the eii'ectivc port area of the valve seat and thereby controlling the vaporization of the hydrocarbon during its passage through the valve seat, a tubular mixing chamber having a wall parallel with the wall of the casing and closing oli" that part of the casing at one end surrounding the tubular mixing chamber, the mixing chamber having a constricted lower end with a central opening in line with the opening surrounded by the valve seat, the casing having an air inlet port between its top and bottom, the mixing chamber having a tubular inlet port .surrounded by the air inlet port of the casing provided with perforations, anda sleeved valve on 'the inlet port of the mixing chamber spaced from the wall of the inlet port for the casing, the sleeved valve having perforations adapted to register with the perforations in the tubular inlet port of the mixing chamber, and the valve being movable for controlling the effective port areas of the perforations in the port for the tubular mixing chamber.

In testimony whereof I aiix my signature.

ARTHUR COLEMAN. 

